ABSTRACT
Background: An individual personality is reflected in their thoughts, emotion and behavior. Type D personality is defined as joint tendency towards negative emotions and social inhibition. Type D personality is associated with anxiety, depression and psychological stress. The present study is conducted to assess the incidence of Type D personality in the under graduate dental students as they are prone to excessive stress in their education. To study the prevalence Type D personality in first year dental students and to study the various variables associated with type D personality.Methods: The personality of students was analyzed by using DS 14 questionnaire. Likert scale was used to calculate the personality score. The students scoring high on either or both subscales taking cut off value as 10 was considered as type D.Results: 15% students had only social inhibition and 7% students had only negative affectivity. 5% students had both social inhibition and negative affectivity. Overall, the prevalence type D personality was found to be 27% among the students of dental college. The type D personality students were significantly associated with habits like alcoholism.Conclusions: The early identification of Type D personality can be helpful both for physical and mental wellbeing and we can minimize its impact on health by adopting healthier life style, yoga and meditation, mentorship in early college days, emotional support etc.
ABSTRACT
Background: Alcohol consumption is the world’s third largest risk factor for disease and disability; in middle-income countries, it is the greatest risk. Approximately 4.5% of the global burden of disease and injury is attributable to alcohol. Alcohol is a causal factor in 60 types of diseases and injuries and a component cause in 200 others. Alcohol is attributed to nearly 3.2% of all deaths and results in a loss of 4% of total DALYs (58 million). Aims & Objective: To assess the pattern of alcohol use among the males aged >15 years in the urban slum, Multan Nagar in Meerut. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the catchment area of UHTC (Urban Health and training Centre) among 324 males aged > 15 years. Data was collected by home visit using WHO questionnaire (AUDIT: Alcohol use disorder identification test) along with other questions related to the type, initiation and reason behind alcohol use. Chi square test followed by logistic regression was applied to know the association of alcohol use with the socio-demographic determinants. Results: According to the AUDIT score, Hazardous, Dependent and harmful drinkers were 7.7%, 9.2% and 2.4% respectively. Most common age of onset was 20-30 years (46.9%) among the drinkers with most common reason being peer pressure (13.6%). Logistic regression was applied and marital status, family history of alcohol use and caste retained their statistical significance (p-value< 0.05, 95% confidence interval). Conclusion: It can be concluded that early age of onset and peer pressure are the alarming challenges for the eradication of this social evil.
ABSTRACT
Substance abuse by children and adolescents is a major health problem. The use of illicit substances frequently starts among school children during adolescence. Concern with the use of harmful habit forming substances in students appears to be a very natural reaction; as they constitute a vital part of the society. Their age and often sudden wide exposure to new environments may render them extremely vulnerable for substance abuse. To find out the association of socio-demographic factors with substance abuse among intercollege students, a Cross-sectional study was conducted among intercollege students of district Dehradun. Multistage random sampling was used for the selection of two intercolleges (one rural and one urban). Overall 1094 students from 9th to 12th classes were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done by entering the data in SPSS software. The prevalence of substance abuse was found to be maximum in the students belonging to the middle slab of income group (socio-economic classes II, III and IV). Nonvegetarian dietary habits, Hindu religion and fathers in professional jobs were also found to be major risk factors for substance abuse behaviour among students.